Primary Sources

Territorial Status

 

Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901).

Foraker Act of 1900, ch. 191, 31 Stat. 77 (1900).   

Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).

Remarks by Senator Spooner of Wisconsin, speaking on behalf of the Foraker Act, on April 2, 1900, 33 Cong. Rec. 3608, 3629 (1900).

Treaty of Paris of 1898. 30 Stat. 1754 (1899).

Senate Committee on Pacific Islands and Porto Rico, Temporary Civil Government for Porto Rico, S. Rep. 56-249 (1^st Sess. 1900).

Puerto Rican Citizenship

 

Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901).

Foraker Act of 1900, ch. 191, 31 Stat. 77 (1900). 

 

Gonzalez v. Williams, 192 U.S. 1 (1904).

To Provide That all Inhabitants of Porto Rico Shall Be Citizens of the United States, S. 2620, 59th Cong. (1906).

Treaty of Paris of 1898. 30 Stat. 1754 (1899).

US Department of War, Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1900, Part 13: Report of the Military Governor of Porto Rico on Civil Affairs, 56^th Cong., 2d sess. House Doc. No. 2 (Washington, DC, 1902). 

 

US Department of War, Report of Brig. Gen. Geo. W. Davis, U.S.V. On Civil Affairs of Puerto Rico, 1899. (Washington, DC, 1900). 

Individual Naturalization

 

Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1906, Pub. L. No. 59-338, 34 Stat. 596 (1906). 

 

Civil Service Act of the United States, ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403 (1883).

 

Jones Act of 1917, Pub. L. No. 64-368, 39 Stat. 951 (1917).

 

In re Giralde, 226 F. 826 (1915).

Insular Passports Act of 1902, Pub. L. No. 57-158, 32 Stat. 386 (1902).

Naval Service Appropriations Act of 1914, Pub, L. No. 63-121, ch. 130, 38 Stat. 392 (1914). 

 

Declaring that all Citizens of Porto Rico and Certain Natives Permanently Residing in Said Island Shall be Citizens of the United States: Hearings on H.R. 20048, Before Senate Comm. on Pacific Islands and Porto Rico, 62^nd Cong, (2^nd sess., 1912).

Collective Naturalization

 

78 Cong. Rec. 1127 (Jan. 26, 1934) 

 

78 Cong. Rec. 10297 (June 4, 1934)

 

Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901).

Balzac v. People of Porto Rico, 258 U.S. 298 (1922).

Cable Act of 1922, Pub. L. No. 67-346, 42 Stat. 1021 (1922). 

 

Jones Act of 1917, Pub. L. No. 64-368, 39 Stat. 951 (1917).

 

Naturalization of Resident Aliens of 1918, Pub. L. No. 144, 40 Stat. 542 (1918). 

 

Porto Rico Civil Revenues Act of 1927 (§5a), Pub. L. No. 69-797, 44 Stat. 1418 (1927).

Preserving the Nationality of a Person Born In Puerto Rico who Resides for Five Years in a Foreign State: Hearing on H.R. 6165 Before the House Subcomm. on Immigration and Naturalization, 77^th Cong. 4-5 (June 17, 1942) (statement of Edward J. Shaughnessy, Deputy Commissioner, Immigration and Naturalization Service).

Puerto Rico Civil Government Act of 1934 (§5b), Pub. L. No. 73-477, 48 Stat. 1245 (1934).

Puerto Rico Civil Government Act of 1938 (§5c), Pub. L. No. 75-521, 52 Stat. 377 (1938).

Rassmussen v. United States, 197 U.S. 516 (1905).

Birthright Citizenship

 

Files for Mr. Mallorga’s case are available at the Archivo General de Puerto Rico, Oficina del Gobernador, T-96-20, Caja 424, American Cases.

Jones Act of 1917, Pub. L. No. 64-368, 39 Stat. 951 (1917).

 

Nationality Act of 1940, Pub. L. No. 76-853, 54 Stat. 1137 (1940).  

 

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, Pub. L. No. 82-414, 66 Stat. 163 (1952).

UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, REVISING THE LAWS RELATING TO IMMIGRATION, NATURALIZATION, AND NATIONALITY, H.

Rept. 82-1365 (2^d Sess. 1952).

 

To Amend the Organic Act of Puerto Rico, Pub. L. No. 80-776, 62 Stat. 1015 (1948). 

Statutory Citizenship

 

Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253 (1967).

Bea, Keith and R. Sam Garrett, Congressional Research Service, Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress. CRS 7-5700/RL32933. CRS Report for Congress, May 19, 2010.

Efrón v. United States, 1 F. Supp. 2d 1468 (1998).

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, Pub. L. No. 82-414, 66 Stat. 163 (1952).

John S. McCain, III Citizenship 154 Cong. Rec. S3645-46 (April 30, 2008) (statement of Laurence H. Tribe and Theodore B. Olson).

 

Killian, John H. “Congressional Research Service Memorandum: Discretion of Congress Respecting Citizenship Status of Puerto Rico (March 9, 1989),” in Puerto Rico: Political Status Referendum, 1989-1991. 2 vols. Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration, 1992, 2: 81-85.

 

Lacap v. INS, 138 F. 3d 518 (3d Cir 1998).

 

Letter from Dana J. Boente, Acting Deputy Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice, to Honorable Ricardo A. Roselló Nevares, Governor of Puerto Rico (13 April 2017).

 

Lozada Colón v. U.S. Department of State, 2 F. Supp. 2d 43 (1998).

Nationality Act of 1940, Pub. L. No. 76-853, 54 Stat. 1137 (1940).  

 

Nolos v. Holder, 611 F.3d 279 (5^th Cir. 2010).

Rabang v. INS, 35 F.3d 1449 (9^th Cir. 1994). 

Rogers v. Bellei, 401 U.S. 815 (1971).

UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON RESOURCES, UNITED STATES-PUERTO RICO POLITICAL STATUS ACT, DISSENTING AND ADDITIONAL VIEWS, H. Rept. 104-713, p. 1 (2^nd Sess. 1996).

U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark, 169 U.S. 649 (1898).

Valmonte v. INS, 136 F.3d 914 (2d Cir. 1998).

 

We the People Project (Available at: http://www.equalrightsnow.org/case_overview) (Accessed 23 October 2016)